ROBERT AND JANE ARE GOING TO THE THEATRE
Jane and her boy-friend Robert have arranged to meet in the foyer of a theatre. Jane is late, as usual.
Robert: Oh, there you are, at last, Jane.
Jane: Hallo, Robert, I'm sorry I kept you waiting. It hasn't started yet, has it?
Robert: No, but we were going to have a meal beforehand, and now it's too late for that. Where on earth3 have you been?
sorry I kept you waiting
Jane: Oh, Robert, I simply must tell you about something awful that happened to me. The bus I was in4 ran over a woman.
Robert: Was she badly hurt?
Jane: She fainted, but I think it was mainly shock. Luckily the driver managed to brake pretty quickly.
Robert: How did it happen?
Jane: She wasn't looking where she was going. She saw a friend it seems, and just dashed out into the middle of the road. The bus stopped so suddenly that some of the passengers got bruised quite badly.5
Robert: Were you hurt,-Jane?
Jane: I just got a slight cut on one hand.6 It's nothing. I was sitting right in front and saw it all. She didn't look round, you know, just waved to her friend and then ran straight across the road.
Robert: How stupid!
Jane: A car just managed to avoid her,7 but the bus driver didn't see her until8 she was almost under his wheels. It's lucky she got away with no more than a few bruises9 and shock.
Robert: Were you asked to be a witness?
Jane: Yes, I had to make a long statementi0 and leave my name and address with the police sergeant. Perhaps they'll ask me to appear in court."
Robert: Where did all this happen, Jane?
Jane: In Ruislip, 12 near the station.
Robert: But what were you doing in Ruislip this evening?
Jane: It wasn't this evening. It was yesterday. I went to see my cousin there, on her birthday.
Robert: Yesterday? All this happened yesterday? Then why are you so late now?
Jane: But I'm not so late, am I? Only about ten minutes.
Robert: Ten minutes! More like half an hour!" And I was just beginning to feel sorry for you. Come along now, or there'll be another accident. A serious one this time."
ВЫБРАННЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
I'm sorry I kept you waiting. The bus I was in ran over a woman. How did it happen?
She wasn't looking where she was going. She dashed out into the middle of the road. Was she badly hurt? No, she wasn't.
She got away with a few bruises. Were you asked to be a witness? Yes, I was.
I had to leave my name and address with the police sergeant.
ПОЯСНЕНИЯ
1 there yon are, at last ну, вот и ты, наконец.
2 I'm sorry I kept yon waiting извмкм(те), что я заставила тебя (вас) ждать
3 Where on earth где у чёрта на куличках ты была?
4 The bus I was in = the bus in which I was
5 got bruised quite badly сильно ушиблись
6 I just got a slight cut on one hand. Я только немного порезала руку.
7 just managed to avoid her еле-еле удалось не задеть её
8 the bus driver didn't see her until... водитель автобуса увидел её только тогда, когда...
9 she got away with no more than a few bruises она отделалась только несколькими синяками
11 to make a long statement дать подробное показание n to appear in court явиться в суд.
12 Ruislip окраина на западе Лондона
13 More like half an hour! Скорее полчаса!
14 this time на этот раз
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ КОММЕНТАРИЙ
The Past Tenses
1. В этой сценке много предложений в Simple Past: Это, в основном, рассказ Джейн о случае на улице. Джейн описывает события, которые происходили в прошлом, не указывая на их связь с настоящим. Она просто перечисляет происшедшие в прошлом действия. Это типичный пример использования Simple Past. Например:
The bus I was in ran over a woman.
She fainted.
He didn't see her until she was almost under his wheels.
Интересно отметить, что ни в одном из этих предложений нет обстоятельства времени, определяющего, когда всё это происходило. Только в конце беседы становится ясным, что всё это происходило вчера". Даже, если бы не было определения времени, само использование Past Simple указывало бы, что речь идёт о событиях, которые говорящий истолковывает уже как целиком относящиеся к прошлому.
2. В беседе Джейн с Робертом имеется несколько предложений в страдательном залоге в Past Simple. Страдательный залог в английском языке образуется при помощи глагола to be в соответствующем времени + страдательное причастие прошедшего времени смыслового глагола. На русский язык пассивная конструкция переводится:
1) сочетанием глагола быть (в прошедшем и будущем времени) + краткая форма причастия страдательного залога. Глагол-связка быть в настоящем времени в русском предложении опускается;
2) глаголом с частицей ся;
3) неопределённо-личной формой глагола, т.е. в предложении без подлежащего. Например:
Was she badly hurt? Were you asked to be a witness?
3. Обратите внимание на следующее предложение в Past Continuous:
She wasn't looking where she was going. Она не смотрела, куда идёт.
В этом предложении имеются два действия, зависящее одно от другого, которые происходили в определённый период времени в прошлом. Этот период времени определяется всем контекстом. В русском языке в аналогичном случае в придаточном предложении мы используем глагол в настоящем времени: она не смотрела, куда идёт". В английском языке, если речь идёт о действии, происходившем в прошлом одновременно с другим действием употребляется прошедшее время. При дословном переводе: она не смотрела, куда шла".
4. Несколько слов о предложении:
I had to make a long statement.
Я должно была дать показание.
Глагол must не имеет своей формы в прошедшем времени;
вместо него используется глагол have (в Past Simple had) + + инфинитив с частицей to.
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
I. В следующие предложения вставьте причастия прошедшего времени: spoil' hurt, damaged, locked, asked, bruised, bolted:
1. I witnessed a street accident yesterday: a car was ... and two people were.
2. The driver wasn't hurt badly: he only got .
3. I was ... to leave my name and address with the police sergeant
4. A very valuable Persian kitten has been ... in this road.
5. I'm calling to see if it has been ...
6. The doors have been ... and the windows ... ,
7. If it rains, our holiday will be ...
II. Заполните пропуски по образцу первого предложения:
1. I was in a bus.
The bus I was in ran over a woman.
2. She was waving to a friend.
The friend ... was on the other side of the road.
3. I spoke to a police sergeant.
The police sergeant ... asked me to leave my name and address.
4. I'm talking about a cruise.
The cruise ... only costs £ 55.
5. I'm telling you about an accident.
The accident ... happened yesterday.
6. Jane works at a travel agency.
The agency ... arranges tours in Eastern Europe.
III. Измените следующие предложения по образцу первого:
1. The driver stopped the car at the very last moment. The driver just managed to stop the car.
2. We caught the train at the very last moment.
3. A car avoided the woman at the very last moment.
4. We got the reservations at the very last moment.